Presente de Indicativo
The present tense in Spanish is used to describe actions that are happening now, habitual actions, general truths, and scheduled future events. It's one of the most versatile and commonly used tenses in Spanish.
Spanish verbs are divided into three groups based on their infinitive endings: -AR, -ER, and -IR.
| Pronoun | -AR verbs | -ER verbs | -IR verbs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | -o | -o | -o |
| Tú | -as | -es | -es |
| Él/Ella/Usted | -a | -e | -e |
| Nosotros/Nosotras | -amos | -emos | -imos |
| Vosotros/Vosotras | -áis | -éis | -ís |
| Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes | -an | -en | -en |
| Pronoun | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Yo | hablo |
| Tú | hablas |
| Él/Ella/Usted | habla |
| Nosotros/Nosotras | hablamos |
| Vosotros/Vosotras | habláis |
| Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes | hablan |
| Pronoun | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Yo | como |
| Tú | comes |
| Él/Ella/Usted | come |
| Nosotros/Nosotras | comemos |
| Vosotros/Vosotras | coméis |
| Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes | comen |
| Pronoun | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Yo | vivo |
| Tú | vives |
| Él/Ella/Usted | vive |
| Nosotros/Nosotras | vivimos |
| Vosotros/Vosotras | vivís |
| Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes | viven |
Important: These categories are useful for learning and organizing irregular verbs, but they don’t always predict how a verb will be conjugated. Always learn each verb together with its specific type of irregularity, it will make everything much easier to remember.
There are three main categories of irregular verbs in the present tense:
These three verbs are completely irregular and must be memorized:
| Yo | soy |
| Tú | eres |
| Él/Ella/Usted | es |
| Nosotros | somos |
| Vosotros | sois |
| Ellos/Ustedes | son |
| Yo | voy |
| Tú | vas |
| Él/Ella/Usted | va |
| Nosotros | vamos |
| Vosotros | vais |
| Ellos/Ustedes | van |
| Yo | he |
| Tú | has |
| Él/Ella/Usted | ha |
| Nosotros | hemos |
| Vosotros | habéis |
| Ellos/Ustedes | han |
These verbs are only irregular in the "yo" form. The rest follow regular patterns.
Examples:
Conocer (to know)
Yo → conozco
Parecer (to seem)
Yo → parezco
Producir (to produce)
Yo → produzco
Plus: nacer, crecer, vencer, reducir, conducir, traducir, etc.
Examples:
Ver (to see)
Yo → veo
Hacer (to do/make)
Yo → hago
Poner (to put)
Yo → pongo
Salir (to leave)
Yo → salgo
Traer (to bring)
Yo → traigo
Also: valer, caber, caer, oír, and others.
These verbs change their stem vowel in most forms, but nosotros and vosotros remain regular.
Examples:
Pedir (to ask for)
pido, pides, pide, pedimos, pedís, piden
Vestir (to dress)
visto, vistes, viste, vestimos, vestís, visten
Plus: servir, repetir, seguir, conseguir, elegir, medir, reír, sonreír, etc.
Examples:
Sentir (to feel)
siento, sientes, siente, sentimos, sentís, sienten
Mentir (to lie)
miento, mientes, miente, mentimos, mentís, mienten
Calentar (to heat)
caliento, calientas, calienta, calentamos, calentáis, calientan
Also: pensar, querer, cerrar, empezar, entender, perder, preferir, despertar, etc.
Examples:
Poder (can/to be able)
puedo, puedes, puede, podemos, podéis, pueden
Dormir (to sleep)
duermo, duermes, duerme, dormimos, dormís, duermen
Soñar (to dream)
sueño, sueñas, sueña, soñamos, soñáis, sueñan
Plus: volver, encontrar, recordar, contar, mostrar, probar, costar, almorzar, etc.
Jugar (to play)
juego, juegas, juega, jugamos, jugáis, juegan
⚠️ Jugar is the only verb with this pattern!
These verbs combine yo-form irregularities with stem changes, making them extra special:
| Yo | tengo |
| Tú | tienes |
| Él/Ella/Usted | tiene |
| Nosotros | tenemos |
| Vosotros | tenéis |
| Ellos/Ustedes | tienen |
| Yo | vengo |
| Tú | vienes |
| Él/Ella/Usted | viene |
| Nosotros | venimos |
| Vosotros | venís |
| Ellos/Ustedes | vienen |
| Yo | digo |
| Tú | dices |
| Él/Ella/Usted | dice |
| Nosotros | decimos |
| Vosotros | decís |
| Ellos/Ustedes | dicen |
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